sendmail setup

Becoming root or setting root password:

>Root user is disabled by default, try using sudo.


As Andrew mentions, sudo is the `preferred' way to perform operations with

root privileges on Darwin (and you can get a shell by running `sudo -s' or

`sudo tcsh', for example). If you really want to be able to properly log

in as root, you can enable the root user by setting a password for the

root account. You can do this in OS X by using the `Enable Root User'

option in the NetInfo Manager application (under the Domain menu and the

Security submenu), or (in plain Darwin) you can use the command line

NetInfo tools (nicl et al, but see the OD FAQ on the web site or at least
the man pages), or just `sudo passwd root' should do it.

using ssh and rsync to handle secure backups to a remote server:

1. Make sure that both computers have a static ip address and
that they are both listed in the /etc/hosts file.

2. Use the following procedure to generate a public/private key
on the computer that will act as the backup machine (server):

a) login to the machine to be backup as root.
On mac-machines you will need to use the terminal mode to set
the root password, as administrator do the following:
sudo passwd root

b) Use ssh-keygen to generate your public and private keys.

The following is a ssh-keygen example:

[root@ed-karen root]# ssh-keygen -b 1024 -t dsa
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_dsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
9d:10:3b:1f:40:1b:d7:bd:e9:32:0f:4d:04:c1:0e:fb root@ed-karen.com

[root@ed-karen root]# cd /root/.ssh

[root@ed-karen .ssh]# ls
id_dsa id_dsa.pub known_hosts

[root@ed-karen .ssh]# cp id_dsa.pub root_ed-karen.pub

[root@ed-karen .ssh]# ls
root_ed-karen.pub id_dsa id_dsa.pub known_hosts

[root@ed-karen .ssh]# scp root_ed-karen.pub node2:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
root@node2's password:
root_ed-karen.pub     100% |*****************************|   606       00:00

SSH login to node2 is now allowed without password

[root@ed-karen .ssh]# ssh node2
root@node2:#

return to your
root@node2:# exit

********************* The backup Script *********************

#!/bin/sh

# A script to use rsync to backup a directory to a remote
# server. See: http://ed-karen.com/mac-help.html for specifics.
# This script might be put in cron.hourly or cron.daily to
# preform it;s tasks. (efa) 8/27/03

# Destination host machine name
DEST="node2"

# User that rsync will connect as
# Are you sure that you want to run as root, though?
USER="root"

# Directory to copy from on the source machine.
BACKDIR="/home/"

# Directory to copy to on the destination machine.
DESTDIR="/save/home/"

# excludes file - Contains wildcard patterns of files to exclude.
# i.e., *~, *.bak, etc. One "pattern" per line.
# You must create this file.
# EXCLUDES=/root/bin/excludes

# Options.
# -n Don't do any copying, but display what rsync *would* copy. For testing.
# -a Archive. Mainly propogate file permissions, ownership, timestamp, etc.
# -u Update. Don't copy file if file on destination is newer.
# -v Verbose -vv More verbose. -vvv Even more verbose.
# See man rsync for other options.

# For testing. Only displays what rsync *would* do and does no actual copying.
#OPTS="-n -vv -u -a --rsh=ssh --exclude-from=$EXCLUDES --stats --progress"
# Does copy, but still gives a verbose display of what it is doing
#OPTS="-v -u -a --rsh=ssh --exclude-from=$EXCLUDES --stats"
# Copies and does no display at all.
#OPTS="--archive --update --rsh=ssh --exclude-from=$EXCLUDES --quiet"
# Copies, deletes old files, no excludes and does no display at all.
OPTS="--delete --archive --update --rsh=ssh --quiet"

# May be needed if run by cron?
export PATH=$PATH:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin

# Only run rsync if $DEST responds (remote machine is connected to internet and on).
VAR=`ping -s 1 -c 1 $DEST > /dev/null; echo $?`
if [ $VAR -eq 0 ]; then
    rsync $OPTS $BACKDIR $USER@$DEST:$DESTDIR
else
    echo "Backup_dirs cannot connect to $DEST."
    echo "*** Backup aborted ***"
fi

#if you have many directories you might use the following
#type rsync instead (simpler).
# Only run rsync if $DEST responds (do /var/www/cgi-bin directory).
#VAR=`ping -s 1 -c 1 $DEST > /dev/null; echo $?`
#if [ $VAR -eq 0 ]; then
#    rsync $OPTS /var/www/cgi-bin/ $USER@$DEST:/save/www/cgi-bin/
#fi